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Bibliography Guide to Leukocyte Reduction of Blood Components by Filtration: A Compendium |
The role and significance of leukocyte reduction by filtration of blood components was pioneered by the researchers and clinicians noted in this bibliography guide. Much has occurred in the few short years since the introduction of leukocyte reduction filters, thereby enhancing the purity and safety of the blood supply. This is evident by the growing list of countries which have chosen to leukocyte reduce 100% of their blood supplies. This bibliography compendium lists as many the authoritative papers that demonstrate the multi-factorial benefits of leukocyte reduction and related clinical significances. It is, however, by no means all-inclusive of what has been written on this subject. In fact, it represents only a microcosm of publications regarding the role of leukocyte reduction by filtration to reduce adverse transfusion reactions and ameliorate patient outcomes. Pall will continue to encourage, monitor and support scientific research, as well as subsequent publications, to increase the understanding of leukocyte reduction by filtration.
- General Reviews / Editorials
- Immune Suppression/Post-Operative Infections/Cost Effectiveness
- Transmission of Infectious Agents
Journal Officiel del la Republique Francaise New French Leukocyte Depletion Standard. May 8, 1994.
Klein, H.G., Wolf in wolf’s clothing: Is it time to raise the bounty on the passenger leukocyte? Blood, 80:1865-1868, 1992.
Lane, T.A., Anderson, K.C., Goodnough, L.T., Kurtz, S., Moroff, G., Pisciotto, P.T., Sayers, M., and Silbertsein, L.E. Leukocyte reduction in blood component therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine, 117:151-162, 1992.
Menitove, J.E. and Snyder, E.L. Platelet transfusion practice: Time for renewed consensus. Transfusion, 38:707-709, 1998.
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American Association of Blood Banks. Blood Transfusion Therapy, A Physician’s Handbook (5th ed.) Bethesda, MD, 1996.
Blumberg N., et al. A cost analysis of autologous and allogeneic transfusions in hip replacement surgery. Am. J. Surg., 171:324-330, 1996.
Blumberg, N. Allogeneic transfusion and infection: Economic and clinical implications. Seminars in Hematology, 34: #3, (Supp.) 2:34-40, 1997.
Blumberg, N., and Heal, J.M. Immunomodulation by blood transfusion: An evolving scientific and clinical challenge. The American Journal of Medicine, 101:299-308, 1996.
Blumberg, N., and Heal, J.M. Blood transfusion immunomodulation, the silent epidemic. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 122:117-119, 1998.
Bock, M., Grevers. G., Heim, M.U., and Mempel, W. Influence of blood transfusion on recurrence, survival and postoperative infections of laryngeal cancer. Acta. Otolaryngol., 110:155, 1990.
Braga, M., Vignali, A., Radaelli, G., Gianotti, I., and DiCarlo, V. Association between perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative infection in patients having elective operations for gastrointestinal cancer. Eur. J. Surg., 158:531, 1992.
Dawes, L.G., Aprahamian, C., Condon, R.E., and Malongi, M.A., The risk of infection after colon injury. Surgery, 100:796, 1986.
Dellinger, E.P., Miller, S.D., Wertz, M.J., Grypha, M., Droppert, B., and Anderson, P.A. Risk of infection after open fracture of the arm or leg. Arch. Surg., 123:1320, 1988.
Dellinger, E.P., Oreskovich, M. R., Wertz, M.J., Hamasaki, V., and Lennard, E.S. Risk of infection following laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injury. Arch. Surg., 119:20, 1984.
Duke, B.J., Modin, G.W., Schecter, W.P., and Horn, J.K. Transfusion significantly increases the risk for infection after splenic injury. Arch. Surg., 128:1125, 1993.
Edna, T.H., and Bjerkeset, T. Association between blood transfusion and infection. J. Trauma, 33:659-661, 1992.
Fernandez, M.C., Gottlieb, M., and Menitove, J.E. Blood transfusion and postoperative infection in orthopedic patients, Transfusion, 32:318, 1992.
Gianotti, L., Pyles, T., Alexander, J.W., Fukushima, R., and Babcock, G.F. Identification of the blood component responsible for increased susceptibility to gut-derived infection. Transfusion, 33:458-465, 1993.
Graves, T.A., Cioffi, W.G., Mason, A.D., McManus, W.F., and Pruitt, B.A. Relationship of transfusion and infection in a burn population. J. Trauma, 29:948-954, 1989.
Heiss, M.M., Mempel, W., Delanoff, C., et al. Blood transfusion-modulated tumor recurrence: First results of randomized study of autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion in colorectal cancer surgery. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12:1859-1876, 1994.
Jahnson, S. and Andersson. M. Adverse effects of perioperative blood transfusion in patients with colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Surg., 158: 419, 1992.
Jensen, L.S., Andersen, A., Fristrup, S.C., Holme, J.B., Hivid, H.M., Kraglund. K., Rasmussen, P.C., and Toftgaard, C. Comparison of one dose versus three doses of prophylactic antibiotics, and the influence of blood transfusion on infectious complications in acute and elective colorectal surgery. Br. J. Surg., 77:513, 1990.
Jensen, L.S., Andersen, A.J., Christiansen, P.M., Hokland, P., Johl, C.O., Madsen, G., Mortensen, J., Moller-Nielsen, C., Hanberg-Sorensen, F., and Hokland, M. Postoperative infection and natural killer cell function following blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Brit. J. Surg., 79:513-516, 1992.
Jensen, L.S., Grunnet, N., Hanberg-Sorensen, F., and Jorgensen, J. Cost-effectiveness of blood transfusion and white cell reduction in elective colorectal surgery. Transfusion,. 35:719-722, 1995.
Jensen, L.S., Kissmeyer-Nielsen, P., Wolff, B., and Qvist, N. Randomised comparison of leucocyte-depleted versus buffy-coat poor blood transfusion and complications after colorectal surgery. The Lancet, 348:841-845, 1996.
Landers, D.F., Hill, G.E., Wong, K.C., and Fox, I.J. Blood transfusion-induced immunomodulation. Anesth. Analg., 82:187-204, 1996.
Maetani, S., Nichikawa, T., and Tobe, T. Role of transfusion in organ system failure following major abdominal surgery. Ann. Surg., 203:276, 1986.
Mezrow, C.K., Berstein, I., and Tartter, P.I. Post-operative infections following autologous and homologous blood transfusions. Transfusion, 32:27, 1992.
Miholic, J., Hudec, M., Domanig, E., Hiertz, H., Kleoetko, W., Lackner, F., and Wolner, E. Risk factors for severe bacterial infections after valve replacement and aortocoronary bypass operation. Analysis of 246 cases by logistic regression. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 40:224, 1985.
Murphy, P.J., Connery, C., Hicks, G.L., and Blumberg, N. Homologous blood transfusion as a risk factor for postoperative infection after coronary artery bypass graft operations. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 194:1092-1099, 1992.
Murphy, P.J., Heal, J.M., and Blumberg, N. Infection or suspected infection after hip replacement surgery with autologous or homologous blood transfusion. Transfusion, 31:212-217, 1991.
Nichols, R.L., Smith, J.W., Klein, D.B., Turnkey, D.D., Cooper, R.H., Adinolfi, M.F., and Mills, J. Risk of infection after penetrating abdominal trauma. New England Journal of Medicine, 311:1065, 1994.
Ottino, G., DePaulis, R., Pensini, S., Rocca, G., Tallone, M.V., Camoglio, C., Casta, P., Orzan, F., and Morea, M. Major sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery: A multi-variate analysis of risk factors in 2,279 consecutive operative procedures. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 44:173-179, 1987.
Pinto, V., Baldonedo, R., Nicholas, C., Barez, A., Perez, A., and Aza, J. Relationship of transfusion and infectious complications after gastric carcinoma operations. Transfusion, 31:114, 1991.
Simon, T.L., Alverson, D.C., AuBuchon, J., Cooper, E.S., et al. Practice parameter for the use of red blood cell transfusions. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 122:130-138, 1998.
Tartter, P.I. Blood transfusion and bacterial infections: Clinical studies. In: Immunological Effects of Blood Transfusion. (Ed.), D.P. Singal, CRC Press Inc., 111-126, 1994.
Tartter, P.I. Blood transfusion and infectious complications following colorectal cancer surgery. Brit. J. Sur., 75:789-792, 1988.
Tartter, P.I., Dreifuss, R.M., Malon., A.M., Heimann, T.M., and Aufses, A.H., Jr. Relationship of postoperative septic complications and blood transfusion in patients with Crohn’s disease. Am. J. Surg., 155:43, 1988.
Triulzi, D.J., Vanek, K., Ryan, D.H., and Blumberg, N. A clinical and immunological study of blood transfusion and postoperative bacterial infection in spinal surgery. Transfusion, 32:517-524, 1992.
Van der Watering, L.M.G., Hermans, J., Houbiers, J., van den Broek, P.J., Bouter, H., Boer, F., Harvey, M., Huysmans, H., and Brand, A. Beneficial effects of leukocyte depletion of transfused blood on postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, a randomized clinical trial. Circulation, 97:562-568, 1998.
Verwaal, V.J., Wobbes, T., Koopman-van Gemert, A.W.M.M., Buskens, G.F.M. and Theeuwes, A.G.M. Effect of perioperative blood transfusion and cell saver on the incidence of postoperative infective complications in patients with an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Eur. J. Surg., 158:477, 1991.
Vignali, A., Braga, M., Gianotti, L., Radaelli, G., Oreste, G., Russo, A., and Dicalo, V. A single unit of transfused allogeneic blood increases postoperative infections. Vox Sang., 71:170-175, 1996.
Wobbes, T., Bemelmans, B.L.H., Kuypers, J.H.C., Beerthuizen, I.G.J.M., and Theeuwes, A.G.M. Risk of postoperative septic complications after abdominal surgical treatment in relation to perioperative blood transfusion. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 171: 59, 1990.
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Adams, P.T., Davenport, R.D., Reardon, D.A., and Roth, M.S. Detection of circulating donor white blood cells in patients receiving multiple transfusions. Blood, 80:551, 1992.
Adler, S.P. Prevention of transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection in very low-birthweight infants using frozen blood and donors seronegative for cytomegalovirus. Transfusion, 24:333-335, 1984.
Anderson, D.J., Politch, J.A., Martinez, A., and van Voorhis, B.J. White blood cells and HIV-1 in semen from vasectomised seropositive men. The Lancet, 338:573, 1991.
Andreu, G. Role of leukocyte depletion in the prevention of transfusion-induced cytomegalovirus infection. Sem. Hematol., 28:26, 1991.
Bitsch, A., Kirchner, H., Dupke, R., and Bein, G. Cytomegalovirus transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes of actively infected transplant patients detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J. Inf. Dis., 167:740, 1993.
Bitsch, A., Kirchner, H., Dupke, R., and Bein, G. Failure to detect human cytomegalovirus DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy blood donors by the polymerase chain reaction. Transfusion, 32:612, 1992.
Blumberg, N., and Heal, J.M. Immunomodulation by blood transfusion: An evolving scientific and clinical challenge. The American Journal of Medicine, 101:299-308, 1996.
Bowden, R.A. CMV seronegative vs. filtered blood for prevention of CMV. American Society of Hematology Presentation, St. Louis, Missouri. 1993.
Bowden, R.A. Cytomegalovirus infections in transplant patients: Methods of prevention of primary cytomegalovirus. Transplantation Proceedings, 23, (Supp.) 3:136-138,1991.
Bowden, R.A. Cytomegalovirus: Transmission by blood components and measures of prevention. Chapter 7 in Nance SJ, Blood Safety: Current Challenges. Amer. Assn. of Blood Banks, Bethesda, MD, 1992.
Bowden, R.A. The role of blood product filtration in the prevention of transfusion associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after marrow transplant. Transfusion, 29:5205, 1989.
Bowden, R.A., et al. The role of blood product filtration in the prevention of transfusion associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after marrow transplantation. Amer. Assn. of Blood Banks, New Orleans, LA, October 21-26, 1989.
Bowden, R.A., Slichter, S.J., Sayers, M., Weisdorf, D., Cays, M., Schoch, G., Banaji, M., Hoake, R., Welk, K., Fisher, L., McCullough, J., and Miller, W. A comparison of filtered leukocyte reduced and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seronegative blood products for the prevention of transfusion-associated CMV infection after marrow transplant. Blood, 86:3598-3603, 1995.
Bowden, R.A., Slichter, S.J., Sayers, M.H., Mori, M., Cays, M.J., and Meyers, J.D. Use of leukocyte-depleted platelets and cytomegalovirus-seronegative red blood cells for prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection after marrow transplant. Blood, 78:246, 1991.
Brady, M.F., et al. Use of deglycerolized red blood cells to prevent post-transfusion infection with cytomegalovirus in neonates. J. Inf. Diseases, 150:334-339, 1984.
Brown, P. B lymphocytes and neuroinvasion. Nature, 390:662-663, 1997.
Bruisten, S.M., Tersmette, M,. Wester, M.R., Vos, A.H.V., Koppelman, M.H.G.M., and Huisman, J.G. Efficiency of white cell filtration and a freeze-thaw procedure for removal of HIV-infected cells from blood. Transfusion, 30:833, 1990.
Buchholz, D.H., AuBuchon, J.P., Snyder, E., et al. Removal of Yersinia enterocolitica from AS-1 red cells. Transfusion, 32:667-72, 1992.
Busch, M.P. Allogeneic leukocytes but not therapeutic blood elements induce reactivation and dissemination of latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: Implications for transfusion support of infected patients. Blood, 80:2128-2135, 1992.
Busch, M.P., and Lee, T-H. Role of donor leukocytes and leukodepletion in transfusion – associated viral infections. In: Clinical Benefits of Leukodepleted Blood Products, (ed.) 1995:97-112. J. Sweeney & A. Heaton, R. Landes Co., Austin, TX.
Busch, M.P., Lee, T-H, and Heitman, J. Allogeneic leukocytes but not therapeutic blood elements induce reactivation and dissemination of latent HIV-1 infection: Implications for transfusion support of infected patients. Blood, 80:2128, 1992.
Cheung, K-S, and Lang, D.J. Transmission and activation of cytomegalovirus with blood transfusion: A mouse model. J. Inf. Dis., 135:841, 1977.
Collins, T., Pomeroy, C., and Jordan, M.C. Detection of latent cytomegalovirus DNA in diverse organs of mice. J. Inf. Dis., 168:725, 1993.
Curtsinger, L.J., et al. Association of cytomegalovirus infection with increased morbidity is independent of transfusion. The American Journal of Surgery, 158:606-610, 1989.
Daar, E.S., Moudgil, T., Meyer, R.D., and Ho, D.D. Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 324:961, 1991.
De Witte, T. Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by using leukocyte poor random blood products from cytomegalovirus unscreened blood-bank donors. Transplantation, 50:964-968, 1990.
DeGraan-Hentzen, Y.G.E., et al. Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection in patients with hematologic malignancies by intensive white cell depletion of blood products. Transfusion, 29:757-760, 1990.
Domart, Y., et al. Incidence and morbidity of cytomegaloviral infection in patients with mediastinitis following cardiac surgery. Chest, 97:18-22, 1990.
Donegan, E., Lenes, B.A., Tomasulo, P.A., Mosley, J.W., and the Transfusion Safety Study Group. Transmission of HIV-1 by component type and duration of shelf storage before transfusion. Transfusion, 30:851,1990.
Drobyski, W.R., Dunne, W.M., Burd, E.M., Knox, K.K., Ash, R.C., Horowitz, M.M., Flomenberg, N., and Carrigan, D.R. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients: Evidence of a marrow-suppressive role for HHV-6 in vivo. J. Inf. Dis., 167:735, 1993.
Dzik, S., et al. Current research on the immunomodulatory effect of allogeneic blood transfusion. Vox Sang., 70:187-194, 1996.
Dzik, W.H., and Jones, K.S. The effects of gamma irradiation versus leukocyte reduction on the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Transfusion, 33:493, 1993.
Eisenfeld, L. Prevention of transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection in neonatal patients by the removal of white cells from blood. Transfusion, 32:205-209, 1992.
Endresen, K., et al. Primary cytomegalovirus infection following open heart surgery. Acta. Med. Scand., 218:423-428, 1985.
Eriksson, B.M., et al. A prospective study of rapid methods of detecting cytomegalovirus in the blood of renal transplant recipients in relation to patient and graft survival. Clin. Transplantation, 10:494-502, 1996.
Falagas, M.E., et al. Effect of cytomegalovirus infection status on first-year mortality rates among orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Ann. Inter. Med., 126:275-279, 1997.
Farrugia, A. Relative efficiency of leucocyte removal procedures for the production of leucocyte-poor red cell concentrates assessed by flow cytometry. Vox Sang., 66:153-160, 1994.
Ferrara, J.L.M., and Deeg, H.J. Graft-versus-host disease (Review). New. Engl. J. Med., 324:667, 1991.
Filtered blood shown equivalent to CMV screened blood. Blood Bank Week, 10:3, 1993.
Franzin, I., and Gioannini, P. Growth of Yersinia species in artificially contaminated blood bags. Transfusion, 32:673-6, 1992.
Galea, G. and Urbaniak, S.J. The incidence and consequences of cytomegalovirus transmission via blood transfusion to low birth weight, premature infants in north east Scotland. Vox Sang., 62:200-207, 1992.
Gilbert, G.L., et al. Prevention of transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection in infants by blood filtration to remove leucocytes. The Lancet, 333:1228-1231, 1989.
Goldman, M., and Blajchman, M.A. Blood product-associated bacterial sepsis. Transfus. Med. Rev., 7:73-83, 1991.
Grattan, M.T., et al. Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with cardiac allograft rejection and atherosclerosis. JAMA, 261:3561-3566, 1989.
Hanto, D.W., Frizzera, G., Gajl-Peczalska, J., Simmons, R.L. Epstein-Barr virus, immunodeficiency, and B cell lymphoproliferation. Transplantation, 39:461, 1985.
Heal, J.M., and Cohen, H.J. Do white cells in stored blood components reduce the likelihood of postransfusion bacterial sepsis? (Editorial). Transfusion, 31:581-3, 1991.
Hill, A.F., Zeidler, M., Ironside, J., and Collinge, J. Diagnosis of new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease by tonsil biopsy. The Lancet, 349:99-100, 1997.
Hogman, C.F., Gong, J., Eriksson, L., Hambraeus, A., and Johansson, C.S. White cells protect donor blood against bacterial contamination. Transfusion, 31:620-6, 1991.
Hogman, C.F., Gong, J., Hambraeus, A., Johansson, C.S., and Eriksson, L. The role of white cells in the transmission of Yersinia enterocolitica in blood components. Transfusion, 32:654-7, 1992.
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Kim, D.M., Brecher, M.E., Bland, L.A., et al. Prestorage removal of Yersinia enterocolitica from red cells with white cell-reduction filters. Transfusion, 32:658-62, 1992.
Kim, H.C., Hahum, K., Raska, K., Jr., Gocke, D.J., Kosmin, M., Karp, G.I., and Saidi, P. Natural history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in hemophilic patients. Amer. J. Hematol., 24:168, 1987.
Klein, M.A., Frigg, R., Flechsig, E., Roeber, A.J., Kalinke, U., Bluethmann, H., Bootz, F., Suter, M., Zinkernagel,
R.M., and Aguzzi, A. A crucial role for B cells in neuroinvasive scrapie. Nature, 390:687-690, 1997.
Kobayashi, M., Yano, M., Kwon. K-W., Takahashi, T. A., Ikeda, H., and Sekiguchi, S. Leukocyte depletion of HTLV-1 carrier red cell concentrates by filters, in Clinical Application of Leukocyte Depletion. Sekiguchi, S., (ed.) 1993:138. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston, MA.
Koskinen, P., et al. Cytomegalovirus infection associated accelerated heart allograft atherosclerosis may impair the late function of the graft. Clin. Transplantation, 10:487-493, 1996.
Lee, T-H, Donegan, E., Slichter, S., and Busch, M.P. Transient increase in circulating in immunocompetent recipients compatible with donor cell proliferation. Blood, 1994/5.
Miller, W.J., et al. Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection following bone marrow transplantation: A randomized trial of blood product screening. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 7:227-234, 1991.
Moldavy, J., Deny, P., Pol, S., Brechot, C., and Lamas, E. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected patients by in situ hybridization. Blood, 83:269, 1994.
Murphy, M.F., et al. Use of leukocyte-poor blood component to prevent primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with acute leukemia. Brit. J. Haematol., 70:253-255, 1988.
Murphy, M.F., Grint, P.C.A., Hardiman, A.E., Lister, T.A., and Waters, A.H. Use of leukocyte-poor blood components to prevent primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with acute leukemia. Br. J. Haematol., 70:253, 1988.
Nusbacher, J. Yersinia enterocolitica and white cell filtration. Transfusion, 32:597-600, 1992.
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Petz, L.D., Calhoun, L., Yam, P., et al. Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease in immunocompetent patients: Report of a fatal case associated with transfusion of blood from a second-degree relative, and a survey of predisposing factors. Transfusion, 33:742, 1993.
Pilay, D., et al. Surveillance for CMV infection in orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Transplantation, 53:1261-1265, 1992.
Pouteil-Nobel, C., et al. Cytomegalovirus infection–an etiological factor for rejection. Transplantation, 55:851-857, 1993.
Rawal, B., Yen, T.S.B., Vyas, G.N., and Busch, M. Leukocyte filtration removes infectious particulate debris but not free virus derived from experimentally lysed HIV infected cells. Vox Sang., 60:214, 1991.
Rawal, B.D., Busch, M.P., Endow, R., et al. Reduction of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells from donor blood by leukocyte filtration. Transfusion, 26:460, 1989.
Rawal, B.D., Yen, T.B.S., Vyas, G.N., and Busch, M. Leukocyte filtration removes infectious particulate debris but not free virus derived from experimentally lysed HIV-infected cells. Vox Sang., 60:214, 1991.
Reusser, P., et al. Cytomegalovirus infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation: Occurrence of cytomegalovirus disease and effect on engraftment. Blood, 75:1888-1894, 1990.
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Robinson, C. Incidence of post-transfusion cytomegalovirus infection in high risk infants treated with deglycerolized blood. Am. J. Perinatology, 4:382, 1987.
Sandler, S.G., Fang, C.T., and Williams, A.E. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II in transfusion medicine. Transus. Med. Rev., 5:93, 1991.
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Schechter, G.P., Whang-Peng, J., and McFarland, W. Circulation of donor lymphocytes after blood transfusion in man. Blood, 49:651, 1977.
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Skolnick, A.A. Blood is not what it used to be, experts say. JAMA, 271:809-811, 1994.
Sloand, E., et al. Transfusion of blood components to persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Relationship to opportunistic infection. Transfusion, 34:48-53, 1994.
Sniecinski, I. Prevention of immunologic and infectious complications of transfusion by leukocyte depletion. Cptr. 18 In: Clinical Application of Leukocyte Depletion. (Proceedings of the 3rd Hokkaido Symposium on Transfusion Medicine). S. Sekiguchi, (ed.) 1993:202. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford U.K.
Snyder, E.L. Clinical use of white cell-poor blood components (Editorial). Transfusion, 29:568-71, 1989.
Taylor, B.J. Frozen deglycerolyzed blood prevents transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infections in neonates. Pediatric Infectious Disease, 5:188-191, 1986.
Tegmeier, G.E. Transfusion transmitted cytomegalovirus infections: Significance and Control. Vox Sanguinis, 51, (Supp.) 1:22-30, 1986.
Thompson, K.S., et al. CMV infection in heart transplant recipients. AABB 45th Annual Meeting. Transfusion, 32:8S, S249, 1992.
Tipple, M.A., Bland, L.A., Murphy, J.J., et al. Sepsis associated with transfusion of red cells contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica. Transfusion, 30:207-13, 1990.
Transfusion Safety Study, represented by Busch, M.P. Clinical and virological factor influencing transmission of HIV-1 by transfusion. Abstract S-214. Transfusion, 32 (Supp.):56-S, 1992.
Van Prooijen, H.C. Prevention of primary transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant recipients by the removal of white cells from blood components with high-affinity filters. Brit. J. Haematol., 87:144-147, 1994.
Verdonck, L.F., et al. Cytomegalovirus seronegative platelets and leukocyte poor red blood cells from random donors can prevent primary cytomegalovirus infection after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 2:73-78, 1987.
Vyas, G.N. Guest editorial on transfusion-associated infections and immune response, Transfus. Med. Rev., 2:193, 1988.
Vyas, G.N. Transfusion-acquired infections: Immunological effects of blood transfusion. (ed.) 1994:1-17. DP Singal, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Wenz, B., Burns, E.R., and Freundlich, L.F. Prevention of growth of Yersinia enterocolitica in blood by polyester fiber filtration. Transfusion, 32:663-6, 1992.
Zhang, L.J., Hanff, P., Rutherford, C., Churchill, W.H., and Crumjeacher, C.S. Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA, RNA and antibody in normal donor blood. J. Inf. Diseases, 171:1002-6,1995.
Zhou, Y.F., et al. Association between prior cytomegalovirus infection and the risk of restenosis after coronary atherectomy. N. Eng. Jour. of Med., 335:624-630, 1996.
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